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[2007/0910]

[2007/0910]

[2007/0910]

[2007/0910]

[2007/0622]

.

Implanted Antennas in Medical Wireless Communications (Synthesis Lectures on Antennas and Propagation)

ABSTRACT

One of the main objectives of this lecture is to summarize the results of recent research activities of the authors on the subject of implanted antennas for medical wireless communication systems. It is anticipated that ever sophisticated medical devices will be implanted inside the human body for medical telemetry and telemedicine. To establish effective and efficient wireless links with these devices, it is pivotal to give special attention to the antenna designs that are required to be low profile, small, safe and cost effective. In this book, it is demonstrated how advanced electromagnetic numerical techniques can be utilized to design these antennas inside as realistic human body environment as possible. Also it is shown how simplified models can assist the initial designs of these antennas in an efficient manner.

KEYWORDS

Finite difference time domain, Human interaction, Implantable antenna, Medical wireless communication, Miniaturized antennas, Planar antennas, Spherical dyadic Green’s function

CONTENTS

1. Implanted Antennas for Wireless Communications

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Characterization of Implanted Antennas

1.2.1 Antennas Inside Biological Tissues

1.2.2 Spherical Dyadic Green’s Function

1.2.3 Finite Difference Time Domain

1.2.4 Design and Performance Evaluations of Planar Antennas

2. Computational Methods

2.1 Green’s Function Methodology

2.1.1 Spherical Head Models

2.1.2 Spherical Green Function’s Expansion

2.1.3 Simplification of Spherical Green’s Function Expansion

2.2 Finite Difference Time Domain Methodology

2.2.1 Input File for FDTD Simulation

2.2.2 Human Body Model

2.3 Numerical Techniques Verifications by Comparisons

2.3.1 Comparison with the Closed form Equation

2.3.2 Comparison with FDTD

3. Antennas Inside a Biological Tissue

3.1 Simple Wire Antennas in Free Space

3.1.1 Characterization of Dipole Antennas

3.1.2 Characterization of Loop Antennas

3.2 Wire Antennas in Biological Tissue

3.3 Effects of Conductor on Small Wire Antennas in Biological Tissue

4. Antennas Inside a Human Head

4.1 Applicability of the Spherical Head Models

4.2 Antennas in Various Spherical Head Models

4.3 Shoulder’s Effects on Antennas in a Human Head

4.4 Antennas for Wireless Communication Links

5. Antennas Inside a Human Body

5.1 Wire Antenna Inside a Human Heart

5.2 Planar Antenna Design

5.2.1 Microstrip Antenna

5.2.2 Planar Inverted F Antenna

5.3 Wireless Link Performances of Designed Antenna

6. Planar Antennas for Active Implantable Medical Devices

6.1 Design of Planar Antennas

6.1.1 Simplified Body Model and Measurement Setup

6.1.2 Meandered PIFA

6.1.3 Spiral PIFA

6.2 Antenna Mounted on Implantable Medical Device

6.2.1 Effects of Implantable Medical Device

6.2.2 Near-Field and SAR Characteristics of Designed Antennas

6.2.3 Radiation Characteristics of Designed Antennas

6.3 Estimation of Acceptable Delivered Power From Planar Antennas

7. Conclusion

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